Prague University of Economics and BusinessPrague Economic Papers(SB 310C)W. Churchill Sq. Klazar, S. et al. 2, pp. Powered by review management and editorial system Actavia. Many Danes switched to cheaper brands or went over the border to Sweden and Germany to do their shopping. 4, pp. Pros of a Fat Tax. Forum for Health Economics & Policy, Vol. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. Výskumný ústav potravinársky, Bratislava. (1999), "Diets of Individuals Based on Energy Intakes from Added Sugars." Hait, P., Janský, P. (2015), Inflation Differentials among Czech Households, Prague Economic Papers, forthcoming, http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.537. In Hungary the tax was levied on a broad range of food and drinks containing salt, sugar or caffeine, thus the estimated effects are not directly comparable but can complement the findings from Denmark. The economic effects of the fat tax in Denmark were uniformly negative. 15, No. 31-38. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. This is a negative externality. 11, pp. When the Danish government first implemented the fat tax, the expected tax revenue was 1.2 billion kroner ($183,445,644). 15, No. ÚZIS ČR, denoted ÚZIS (2012) in the text. Kim, D., Kawachi, I. It was blamed for helping inflation rise to 4.7 per cent in a year in which real wages fell by 0.8 per cent. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0). 2, pp. General Health Care Insurance Company (2011), V České republice je 55% lidí s nadváhou a obezitou. Food Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia (1995), Cholesterol v potravinách. 13, No. David, P. (2010), "Incidence zvýšeného zatížení cigaret daněmi v České republice a na Slovensku." 9, pp. The Effects of a Fat Tax on Dairy Products Hayley H. Chouinard* David E. Davis** Jeffrey T. LaFrance*** Jeffrey M. Perloff*** September 2005 ABSTRACT: * Hayley Chouinard is an assistant professor in the School of Economic Sciences, Washington (Blackwell-Synergy) . We feel this is extremely speculative and that the tax itself is wrong for several reasons: We evaluate the impact of three types of fat taxes: ad valorem, specific per kilogram of product and specific per kilogram of fat. Economic implications from introducing Fat Taxes. A fat tax is a tax or surcharge that is placed upon fattening food, beverages or on overweight individuals. The ‘fat tax’: economic incentives to reduce obesity Andrew Leicester and Frank Windmeijer* Institute for Fiscal Studies 1. Consumption of fatty foods have external costs on society. The effects of taxation on the willingness to work, save and invest are partly the result of money burden of tax and partly the result of psychological burden of tax. Introduction. When looked at from a global perspective, about 20,000 people in the developed world could experience a reduced risk of premature death because of changes to their lifestyle that occur because of the changes that happen with a fat tax. VZP ČR, denoted VZP (2011) in the text. Institute for Fiscal Studies. Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (2012), Zemřelí 2011. 229-257, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00554.x. 142-147, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2012.01962.x. The Issue Of Obesity Among The United Kingdom Government 1209 Words | 5 Pages; The Fat Tax : Paying By The Pound 2090 Words | 9 Pages; Fat Tax on Fast Food in Australia Essay 642 Words | 3 Pages; The Effects Of Obesity On American Adults And Children 1213 Words | 5 Pages The structure and financing of a tax change are critical to achieving economic growth. Dušek, L., Janský, P. (2012a), "Changes in Value Added Tax: How Much do They Affect Households? Bowman S. A. 246-273. In economic terms, so-called “fat taxes” or “junk food taxes”—like taxes on tobacco or alcohol—make sense. 5, pp. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. Prague Economic Papers is published by Prague University of Economics and Business. 12, No. 421-434. Czech Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. Some of the assumptions made in this logic are questionable. 92, pp. These taxes have not yet been implemented in the Czech Republic, in contrast to some other, mainly European countries. Agricultural Economics-UZEI, Vol. Dušek, L., Janský, P. (2012b), "Tax Reform Proposals: How Much Do They Bring to the Public Sector Budgets? Franck, C., Grandi, S., Eisenberg, M. (2013), "Taxing Junk Food to Counter Obesity." Powell, L. M., Chaloupka, F. J. Jensen, J. D., Smed, S. (2007), "Cost-Effective Design of Economic Instruments in Nutrition Policy." Findings from this study show that high-tax countries have been more successful in achiev-ing their social objectives than low-tax coun-tries. Czech Statistical Office (2002), Gross National Income Inventory (according to ESA 1995). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol. Australia should follow the lead of Denmark and consider taxing foods high in saturated fats to curb the nation’s growing obesity problem, Greens leader Bob Brown said at yesterday’s tax forum. Interní Medicína, Vol. 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1558-9544.1071. The logic behind such a tax is that an increase in price would lead to decrease of demand similar to that of the alcohol and cigarette taxes respectively, in order to improve our country’s health as a whole. 4130 67 Prague 3CZECH REPUBLIC. 68. 5, pp. (2007a), Zatížení spotřebního koše daněmi ze spotřeby v České republice. (2006), "Food Taxation and Pricing Strategies to "Thin out" the Obesity Epidemic." Public Finance Review, Vol. We use detailed microeconomic data to estimate the impact of potential fat taxes on household expenditure and government revenues in the Czech Republic. Economics & Human Biology, Vol. 347-349. Economic Effects of a Fat Tax When the Danish government first implemented the fat tax, the expected tax revenue was 1.2 billion kroner ($183,445,644). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. 19, No. Working Paper IES No. British Medical Journal, BMJ, Vol. American Journal of Public Heath. 624-639, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2007.03.002, Smed, S. (2012), "Financial Penalties on Foods: The Fat Tax in Denmark." Prague Economic Papers 2016, 25(4):445-458 | DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.569 The Impact of a Fat Tax: Progressive in Health, but Regressive in Income? Paper presented in 3rd Annual Congress of Association of Environmental and Resource Economics, AERE, Kyoto, Japan. ČNB Working Paper 8/2010. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. Food Policy, Vol. Charles University in Prague (Part of PhD. 5-6, pp. There are different forms such a tax … A fat tax would make people pay the social cost of unhealthy food. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4:10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-4-10. 1, pp. Teplan, V. (1998), Praktická nefrologie. 60, No. 1. The Impact of a Fat Tax: Progressive in Health, but Regressive in Income? Ekonomický časopis, Vol. Paper presented at 1st joint EAAE/AAEA seminar "The Economics of Food, Food Choice and Health", Freising, Germany, September 15-17, 2010. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. Allais, O., Bertail, P., Nichele, V. (2010), "The Effects of a Fat Tax on French Households' Purchases: A Nutritional Approach." Prague Economic Papers 2016, 25(4):445-458 | DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.569. 1, pp. Estimating the QUAIDS Demand System on Czech Household Budget Survey Data." Advocates of tax cuts claim that a reduction in the tax rate will lead to increased economic growth and prosperity. Taxing junk food to counter obesity. Overseas Development Institute (2014), Future Diets: Implications for Agriculture and Food Prices. Jensen, J. D., Smed, S. (2012), "The Danish Tax on Saturated Fat: Short-Run Effects on Consumption and Consumer Prices of Fats." 61, No. In both cases, we look at the effects of the tax on its own and also in conjunction with an off‐setting subsidy on other, more healthy, foods. The fat is levied during the production of products making it hard to determine the exact amount of fat in certain products. (2007), "Fat Taxes: Big Money for Small Change." ECORYS (2014). Therefore we should introduce a pigovian tax to correct the over-consumption of unhealthy food. One reservation about such a policy is the impact it would have on poorer families, as (2004), "Who Pays Taxes and Who Gets Benefits in the Czech Republic." Excessive saturated fat consumption is a risk factor for heart disease, so lowering consumption should lead to a reduction in the incidence of heart disease, all else equal. The advantages and disadvantages of the fat tax can potentially help foresee the effect on the Australian economy. The precise impact of such “fat taxes” on the competitiveness of the European agriculture and food sector still needs to be fully assessed, the report added. The work was carried out under contract SANCO/2005/C4NUTRITION-03, funded by the European Commission. 1, pp. 228-245. Prague Economic Papers, Vol. 87, No. One of the most widely discussed interventions is the ‘fat tax’, which is an umbrella term for a host of policies aimed at altering the relative prices of foods in an effort to encourage healthier eating. This review considers international evidence on the impact of food taxes and subsidies. Accounting for higher food expenditures in the aggregate national accounts than in the detailed microeconomic data results into higher budget revenues, 7.3 and 6.1 billion Czech korunas, respectively. (2007b), "Dopad harmonizace sazeb DPH v ČR." 45499. Chouinard H., Davis D., LaFrance J., Perloff J. Schneider, O. At least ten per cent of fat tax revenues were swallowed up in administrative costs and it was estimated to have cost 1,300 Danish jobs. Abstract. Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. (2003), "The Uneasy Case against Discriminatory Excise Taxation: Soft Drinks Taxes in Ireland." 3, pp. e2931, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2931. For example, eating unhealthy foods contributes to the problem of obesity. 31, No. Their conclusion? Prague: Grada Publishing. The logic behind a fat tax is simple. dissertation: Microeconomic Analysis for Evidence-Based Policy.). Jensen and Smed (2013) conclude that the Danish fat tax had a 10–15% negative short-run effect on the consumption of saturated fats. (2009), "Food Prices and Obesity: Evidence and Policy Implications of Taxes and Subsidies." 51-62. Cash, S., Lacanilao, R., Adamowicz, W., Raine, K. (2008), "An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Fat Taxes: Price Effects, Food Stigma, and Information Effects on Economics Instruments to Improve Dietary Health." The proceeds from a fat tax could be used as subsidies for healthy foods. Brůha, J., Ščasný, M. (2006), "Distributional Effects of Environmental Regulation in the Czech Republic." The tax rates are: 18p per litre if the drink has 5g of sugar or more per 100ml 103, No. 8, pp. 6, pp. 1949-1953, http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301279. Health-motivated taxes have spread over the world to reduce increasing obesity and corresponding health care costs. 45-55. The health costs associated with obesity are an economic cost to society. Given the high prevalence of obesity and the associated medical costs (Wolf and Colditz, 1998; Finkelstein et al., 2009; Cawley and Meyerhoefer, 2012), significant attention has been devoted to designing public policies to reducing weight and health care expenditures. The goal of the study is to assess whether the fat-tax, or similar taxes, is an effective means for … 58, No. Health Economics, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3006, Mytton, O., Gray, A., Rayner, M., Rutter, H. (2007), "Could Targeted Food Taxes Improve Health?" This paper examines how changes to the individual income tax affect long-term economic growth. Politická ekonomie, Vol. THE FAT TAX AND NUTRITION TAXES IN DENMARK The Danish "fat tax" was presented as part of a tax reform package in 2009.1 Following a number of amendments, it was finally adopted in March 2011 and took effect on October 1 of the same year. The sugar tax, known as the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL), begins from April 2018 and consists of two bands. 3. 9, No. (2011), "Tuky v potravinách a jejich nutriční hodnocení." 9, pp. Unhealthy diets lead to obesity. Consumer and Market Demand Network Papers, No. The evidence we will present later will confirm the conjecture that a fat‐tax on its own will lead to an increase in poverty. More about Essay about A Fat Tax: Economic Costs of Obesity are High. Dybczak, K., Tóth, P., Voňka, D. (2010), "Effects of Price Shocks to Consumer Demand. (Návrhy daňových změn: Kolik přidají veřejným rozpočtům)" Ekonomická revue - Central European Review of Economic Issues, Vol. However, the introduction of a fat tax has been discussed frequently in the Czech Republic during the last few years; here, we provide empirical evidence in order for this public debate to be better informed. 344, No. Robertson, A., Lobstein, T., Knai, C. (2007), "Obesity and Socio-Economic Groups in Europe: Evidence Review and Implications for Action." Various forms of the fat tax have a… Chudá, T., & Janský, P. (2016). The ‘fat tax’: economic incentives to reduce obesity. Others claim that if we reduce taxes , almost all of the benefits will go to the rich, as those are the ones who pay the most taxes. The Poverty Effects of a Fat Tax in Ireland. (2010), "Impact of Harmonisation on Distribution of VAT in the Czech Republic." Milbank Quarterly, Vol. The economic effects of the fat tax were almost invariably negative. Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Vol. The costs to society resulting from obesity and other diet-related diseases are immense—in terms of health-care costs, sickness absence, welfare payments, and lost tax revenue—and these are not reflected in food pricing. Interestingly, they have done so with no economic penalty. UCD Impact Case Study UCD Research and Innovation CULTURAL ECONOMIC SOCIALHEALTH POLITICAL SUMMARY As part of a suite of measures to combat obesity, a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (a version of the so-called “fat-tax”) has been proposed. 10, No. 329-341, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2011.08.007, Madden, D. (2013), "The Poverty Effects of a 'Fat-Tax' in Ireland." 37, No. Introduction This Briefing Note looks at the potential for the introduction of a ‘fat tax’ into the UK in an effort to reduce the growing prevalence of obesity in Britain. 635-650. Family Economics and Nutrition Review, Vol. Soft drinks containing more than five grams of sugar per 100ml; A higher tax band for drinks containing more than eight grams of sugar per 100ml. FOI Working Paper 2012/14. These costs are due to 32, No. Klazar, S., Slintáková, B. Janda, K., Mikolášek, J., Netuka, M. (2010), "Complete Almost Ideal Demand System Approach to the Czech Alcohol Demand." According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, consumers paid a $1.26 per pound tax on saturated fat on domestic and imported food, which equated to up to 30% more for a pack of butter, 8% more for a bag of potato chips, and 7% more for a liter of olive oil. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of fiscal policy to influence food prices “in ways that encourage healthy eating”.1,2 Although this is consistent with growing worldwide interest in the effect of fiscal policy on diet,3–5evidence supporting the use of taxes is weak. ODI Report. 2, pp.133-149. 430-437. It hit all food items with a saturated fat content ECSIP. Lin, B. H., Smith, T. A., Lee, J. Y., Hall, K. D. (2011), "Measuring Weight Outcomes for Obesity Intervention Strategies: The Case of a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax." Smed, S., Jensen, J. D., Denver, S. (2007), "Socio-Economic Characteristics and the Effect of Taxation as a Health Policy Instrument." 689-694, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2006.047746, Mytton, O. T., Clarke, D., Rayner, M. (2012), "Taxing Unhealthy Food and Drinks to Improve Health." Grandi and M.J. Eisenberg (2013). Food taxes and their impact on competitiveness in the agri-food sector. The inflation rate ended up rising 4.7% in one year making real wages fall by .8%. The current obesity epidemic reflects an increasingly “obesogenic” food environment and long-term changes in activity levels and energy expe… Janský, P. (2013), "Changes in Excise Duties and their Impact on Households in the Czech Republic." Thiele, S. (2010), "Fat Tax: A Political Measure to Reduce Overweight? We simulate these in such a way that they all raise the same budget revenues as a 10% ad valorem tax on fat-rich products. The Poverty Effects of a “Fat-Tax” in Ireland David Madden (University College Dublin) March 2013 Abstract: To combat growing levels of obesity, health related taxes have been suggested with taxes on foods high in fat or sugar. Data indicates that the fat tax could save 123 people per year, with 76 of them being under 75 years old. 2. Janský, P. (2014), "Consumer Demand System Estimation and Value Added Tax Reforms in the Czech Republic." A tax that resulted in every person achieving WHO saturated fat intake guidelines and increasing PUFA intake could prevent 11% to nearly 30% of heart disease cases, depending on one’s gender and country of residence. The Case of Germany." Overall we find, and thus confirm the overwhelming evidence from other countries, that fat taxes are regressive in income. Fat tax refers to that tax which is imposed on those food items which are known for increasing the obesity levels and in order to discourage people from consuming foods which increases the fat government imposes a fat tax. Dostálová, J. Obesity is estimated to cost the UK economy around £6.6–7.4 billion a year. Praha: Eurolex Bohemia. This website including articles are licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0). Bahl, R., Bird, R. Walker, M. B. 56, No. 510-530. Frank, S.M. the social benefits and economic costs of taxation Tax cuts are disastrous for the well-being of a nation’s citizens. https://www.ced.org/blog/entry/the-skinny-on-the-fat-tax, http://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=23248. Klazar, S. et al. Social cost. Fat-tax An Economic Analysis Executive Summary A tax on food containing fat (a "fat-tax") is meant to be a key measure in government policy directed at the issue of obesity. 64, No. Although the goal of a fat tax is to curb the sale of unhealthy products without restricting a person’s … Available at: http://apl.czso.cz/nufile/GNI_CZ_en.pdf. But it turned out the administrative costs were 10% of the fat tax revenue, an example of this is businesses would be paying 10 kroner in administrative fee's for every 100 kroner the state took in taxes. We find that a fat tax has small and ambiguous effects on nutrients purchased by French households, and a slight effect on body weight in the short run, with a greater effect in the long run. Prague University of Economics and Business. (Změny daně z přidané hodnoty: Kolik přidají nebo uberou domácnostem)." 30, No. Switched to cheaper brands or went over the world to reduce obesity. the assumptions made in logic. Economic costs of obesity are an economic cost to society obesity: evidence and Policy Implications taxes... '' Ekonomická revue - Central European review of economic Instruments in Nutrition Policy. the over-consumption unhealthy. Slovakia ( 1995 ). of Price Shocks to Consumer Demand to the... To an increase in Poverty Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the fat tax in Ireland. tax a…... Expected tax revenue was 1.2 billion kroner ( $ 183,445,644 ). 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